Composition of new energy vehicle batteries

　　A fuel cell is composed of an anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separator. The fuel undergoes anodic oxidation, while the oxidant undergoes cathodic reduction. If gaseous fuel (hydrogen) is continuously supplied at the anode (i.e. the negative electrode of the external circuit, also known as the fuel electrode), and oxygen (or air) is continuously supplied at the cathode (i.e. the positive electrode of the external circuit, also known as the air electrode), electrochemical reactions can occur continuously at the electrode and generate current. It can be seen that fuel cells are different from conventional batteries in that their fuel and oxidants are not stored inside the battery, but in storage tanks outside the battery. When it works (outputting current and doing work), it needs to continuously inject fuel and oxidant into the battery and simultaneously discharge reaction products. Therefore, in terms of working mode, it is similar to the conventional gasoline or Diesel generator. Due to the continuous feeding of fuel and oxidant into the fuel cell during operation, both the fuel and oxidant used in the fuel cell are fluids (gas or liquid). The most commonly used fuels are pure hydrogen, various hydrogen rich gases (such as reforming gas), and certain liquids (such as methanol aqueous solution). The commonly used oxidants are pure oxygen, purified air, and certain liquids (such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid aqueous solution).

　　The function of the fuel cell anode is to provide a common interface between the fuel and electrolyte, and to catalyze the oxidation of the fuel. At the same time, it transfers the electrons generated in the reaction to the external circuit or first to the collector plate and then to the external circuit. The function of the cathode (oxygen electrode) is to provide a common interface between oxygen and electrolyte, catalyzing the reduction of oxygen and transmitting electrons from the external circuit to the reaction site of the oxygen electrode. Due to the fact that most of the reactions occurring on the electrode are multiphase interface reactions, in order to improve the reaction rate, the electrode is generally made of porous materials and coated with electrocatalysts.

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