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release time:2022-11-12
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After exploration, people gradually fell in love with lithium. Lithium is
element 3 in the periodic table. It is light in weight. Lithium has a mass of
six atomic units. It can release electric charge. In contrast, zinc, which has a
mass of 65 atomic units, can release two charges and the same amount of charge.
Lithium is much lighter. Lithium has a high energy density. With the same
battery quality, it can release more energy. High energy density is the most
important advantage of lithium ion batteries. In fact, Edison invented the
lithium ion battery 100 years ago. Because of its very active chemical
properties, lithium can easily react with other substances. For this reason,
lithium ion batteries have been hidden in snow since their invention. It was
shelved for more than 100 years until 1991 when Sony introduced 18650 batteries.
A friend playing with a model airplane may know that the 18650 battery is
similar to the No. 5 battery. The 18650 lithium ion battery has the advantages
of simple structure, stable performance, low cost, etc., and is widely used in
the fields of charging treasure, notebook computers, etc. Since then, people
have begun to re study lithium-ion batteries. What is the basic principle of
lithium ion battery? Lithium ion battery is a rechargeable battery. Lithium ion
battery consists of four parts. The first part is the positive electrode, the
second part is the negative electrode, and the third part is the intermediate
diaphragm. The function of this diaphragm is to prevent electrons from passing
through. The fourth part is the electrolyte between the positive and negative
electrodes, which is a paste material. So, why can these four components be
powered on? First, let's talk about the charging process. When charging, connect
the positive and negative poles with the external circuit. At this time, you can
charge. When a battery is used, the lithium atom of the positive electrode will
be decomposed into electrons and lithium ions. The electrons flow along the
external circuit to the negative. Lithium ions also flow to the negative
electrode through the diaphragm in the electrolyte. On the cathode, electrons
and lithium ions meet again and then change back to lithium atoms. In fact,
during the charging process, lithium atoms in the positive electrode flow to the
negative electrode. The process of lithium atom changing into ions and electrons
at the positive pole is called deinking, and the process of lithium ion changing
into lithium atom at the negative pole is called insertion. Next, let's talk
about the discharge process. Why do recharged batteries discharge? The
rechargeable battery accumulates a large number of lithium atoms on the negative
electrode. At this point, we connect an external circuit. When there is no
external power stimulus, lithium atoms cannot stay on the negative electrode. It
breaks down into electrons and lithium ions. Electrons flow back to the positive
electrode along the external circuit, and lithium ions flow back to the positive
electrode from the electrolytic solution. The two atoms merge and become lithium
again. The discharge process is a process in which lithium atoms move from the
negative electrode to the positive electrode. The ionization of lithium atoms on
the negative electrode is called deinsertion, and the ionization of lithium
atoms on the negative electrode becomes lithium atoms, which is called
intercalation. The process of charging and discharging is the process of lithium
atoms swinging back and forth at the positive and negative poles, so lithium ion
batteries are also called swinging batteries. Theoretically, lithium atoms will
not be lost in the process of swinging back and forth, but in fact, lithium
atoms will be lost in the reaction with electrolyte. At present, the research of
lithium ion battery mainly focuses on the positive and negative electrode
materials. We know that pure lithium cannot be used, but some things must be
used to load lithium atoms. What materials are used? Now people basically have a
unified view that graphite is used as negative electrode. Graphite is a layered
structure, and many lithium atoms can be stored between layers. If iron
phosphate is used as the cathode material, the battery is a lithium iron
phosphate battery. There is another material used for positive electrode, called
ternary material, which is now more mainstream. The ternary materials are
nickel, cobalt, manganese (or aluminum), and nickel can improve the energy
density of the battery. The more nickel, the higher the energy density of the
battery. Cobalt is used to stabilize batteries. Manganese or aluminum is used as
a support material to reduce the cost of the battery. When these three materials
are mixed in a certain proportion, they become ternary materials
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Next article:How did the battery develop?
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