Like humans, the battery is best running in normal room temperature. Due to
the improvement of electrochemical reactions, battery manufacturers like to
recommend batteries at 27 ° C (80 ° F) temperature. Long exposure will shorten
life.
As all drivers in the cold country know that battery temperature can better
drive the car engine than in low temperature environments in normal temperature
environments. Low temperature increases internal resistance and reduces
capacity. A 100%capacity battery is provided at 27 ° C (80 ° F). It is usually
only 50%at –18 ° C (0 ° F). The decline in instantaneous capacity varies from
battery chemistry.
The temperature of the dry solid polymer battery requires a temperature of
60–100 ° C (140–212 ° F) to promote ion flow and conduct electricity. This type
of battery found a niche market in a fixed power supply application in a hot
climate, which is a catalyst rather than a disadvantage in this climate. The
built -in heating element keeps the battery running normally. The high battery
cost and safety issues limit the application of the system. More common lithium
polymers use gel electrolytes to improve conductivity.
If you use it at a temperature of 20 ° C (68 ° F) or slightly lower than 20
° C (68 ° F), all batteries can reach the best service life. For example, if the
battery runs at 30 ° C (86 ° F) instead of less moderate room temperature, the
circulation life will decrease by 20%. At 40 ° C (104 ° F), the loss jumped to
40%. If it is charged and discharged at 45 ° C (113 ° F), the cycle life is only
half of the expected life span when the cycle is 20 °.
The performance of all batteries drops sharply at low temperatures;
however, when the load current is applied, the efficiency loss caused by the
decrease of voltage will cause some temperature increase effects. At -20 ° C (–4
° F), the performance level of most batteries is about 50%at normal temperature.
Although nickel -cadmium batteries can be reduced to -40 ° C (–40 ° F), the
allowable discharge is only 0.2c (5 hours rate). Special lithium ion batteries
can work at a temperature of -40 ° C, but can only run at a lower discharge
rate; charging at this temperature is impossible. The risk of frozen electrolyte
freezing with lead acid may cause the shell to rupture. When the proportion is
more like water instead of full charging, lead acid freezes faster at low
charge.
The matching cells with the same capacity play an important role in low
temperature and heavy load discharge. Because the battery in the battery pack
will never be perfectly matched, if the allowable discharge continues to exceed
the safety deadline, the weaker battery in the multi -battery pack may appear
negative voltage potential. Known as a battery reversal, the weak battery will
be under pressure, which will generate a permanent electrical short circuit. The
larger the battery count, the greater the possibility of the unit reversal under
the load. Low -temperature overload over discharge is the main cause of the
failure of wireless electric tool battery.
The mileage of electric vehicles between the two charging is calculated at
the ambient temperature. Electric vehicle drivers are aware that the cold
temperature will reduce the use mileage. This loss is not only caused by the
electric heating cabin, but also caused by the inherent slowdown of the battery
electrochemical reaction, which will reduce the capacity of the battery at low
temperature.
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