
Zinc manganese battery, also known as Leclanche battery, is a battery
invented by French scientist Leclanche in 1868, which uses zinc (Zn) as the
negative electrode, Manganese dioxide (MnO2) as the positive electrode, neutral
ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), zinc oxide (ZnCl2) aqueous solution as the
electrolyte solution, and starch or paste paper as the isolation layer, Because
its electrolyte solution is usually made into gel shape or adsorbed on other
carriers and presents a non flowing state, it is also called zinc manganese Dry
cell. According to the use of isolation layers, there are two types of
batteries: paste type and plate type. Plate type batteries are also divided into
two types: ammonium type and zinc type cardboard batteries according to
different electrolyte solutions.
The Dry cell uses a zinc cylindrical shell as the negative electrode, and a
graphite rod with a copper cap on the central top cover as the positive
electrode. From inside to outside around the graphite rod, A: Manganese dioxide
powder (black) ----- used to absorb the hydrogen generated on the positive
electrode (to prevent polarization); B: Starch paste saturated with ammonium
chloride and Zinc chloride was used as electrolyte solution.
The electrode reaction formula is: negative electrode (zinc cylinder):
Zn-2e==Zn2+
Positive electrode (graphite): 2NH4++2e==2NH3 ↑+H2 ↑
H2+2MnO2==Mn2O3+H2O
Total reaction: Zn+2NH4++2MnO2==Zn2++2NH3+Mn2O3+H2O
The voltage of Dry cell is about 1.5V, which cannot be charged and
regenerated.
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